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Pure · Algebra & functions

Chapter 1 · 3

The idea

Partial fractions

Splitting a single algebraic fraction back into a sum of simpler ones — including the extra term a repeated linear factor needs.

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Pure · Algebra & functions

Partial fractions

Splitting a single algebraic fraction back into a sum of simpler ones — including the extra term a repeated linear factor needs.

Why it works

Adding fractions, in reverse

Why would anyone break a perfectly good fraction apart? Because the pieces can do what the whole cannot: 5x+1(x−1)(x+2)\frac{5x+1}{(x-1)(x+2)} has no integral and no binomial expansion as it stands, but 2x−1+3x+2\frac{2}{x-1} + \frac{3}{x+2} — the same thing, split — integrates to logs and expands term by term. Adding fractions combines them over a common denominator; partial fractions runs that in reverse, breaking one fraction into a sum whose denominators are the factors of the original.

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