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Mechanics · Work, energy & power

Chapter 1 · 3

The idea

Work done by a force

The work done by a constant force, W = Fd when the force is along the motion and W = Fd cosθ when it acts at an angle, together with work done against gravity and against resistance — and the sign convention that makes a force opposing the motion do negative work.

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Mechanics · Work, energy & power

Work done by a force

The work done by a constant force, W = Fd when the force is along the motion and W = Fd cosθ when it acts at an angle, together with work done against gravity and against resistance — and the sign convention that makes a force opposing the motion do negative work.

Why it works

Force times distance

Work is the currency of mechanics — every energy theorem in this strand trades in it. When a constant force moves its point of application through a displacement, it does work. If the force FF acts along the direction of motion and the object moves a distance dd, the work done is W=Fd,W = Fd, measured in joules (1 J=1 N m1\text{ J} = 1\text{ N m}) — one joule for every newton pushed through every metre. Work is a scalar — it has no direction — but it does carry a sign.

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