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Algebra · Sequences

Chapter 1 · 4

The idea

The nth term of a quadratic sequence

Why constant SECOND differences signal an n² rule, why the n²-coefficient is HALF the second difference, and the subtract-and-conquer routine that finds the full an² + bn + c.

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Algebra · Sequences

The nth term of a quadratic sequence

Why constant SECOND differences signal an n² rule, why the n²-coefficient is HALF the second difference, and the subtract-and-conquer routine that finds the full an² + bn + c.

Why it works

The second difference is the fingerprint

When first differences aren't constant but keep changing by the same amount, the sequence is quadratic. For 3,8,15,24,353, 8, 15, 24, 35: differences 5,7,9,115, 7, 9, 11 — climbing by 2 each time. That constant second difference is the fingerprint of an n2n^2 term.

Why you halve it

Watch n2n^2 itself: 1,4,9,16,251, 4, 9, 16, 25 has differences 3,5,7,93, 5, 7, 9 and second difference 2. Scaling to an2an^2 scales the second difference to 2a2a. So

a=second difference2a = \frac{\text{second difference}}{2}

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