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Geometry & measures · Perimeter, area & volume

Chapter 1 · 4

The idea

Volume of prisms, cylinders, cones & spheres

Why a prism's volume is cross-section × length, why a cylinder is just a circular prism, where the ⅓ in pyramid and cone formulas fits in, spheres and hemispheres, and litres.

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Geometry & measures · Perimeter, area & volume

Volume of prisms, cylinders, cones & spheres

Why a prism's volume is cross-section × length, why a cylinder is just a circular prism, where the ⅓ in pyramid and cone formulas fits in, spheres and hemispheres, and litres.

Why it works

A stack of identical slices

Volume counts unit cubes. A cuboid is l×w×hl \times w \times h layers of them. The powerful idea behind every prism is slicing: a prism is any solid with the same cross-section all the way through, so it is a stack of identical slices —

V=area of cross-section×lengthV = \text{area of cross-section} \times \text{length}

A cylinder is a circular prism

Cross-section πr2\pi r^2, so V=πr2hV = \pi r^2 h. The one thing to check before squaring: is the printed measurement the radius or the diameter? Halve the diameter first — squaring a diameter quadruples the answer.

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The rest of the explanation, plus 2 worked examples you step through move by move.

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