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Algebra · Inequalities

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Linear inequalities

Why inequalities solve like equations except for one rule — flipping on a negative multiplier — why the answer is a RANGE not a number, and how double inequalities and integer lists work.

Algebra · Inequalities

Linear inequalities

Why inequalities solve like equations except for one rule — flipping on a negative multiplier — why the answer is a RANGE not a number, and how double inequalities and integer lists work.

Why it works

An inequality is a statement about a range: 4x3<174x - 3 < 17 asks which values of xx keep the left side below 17. Solve it with the same balance moves as an equation — add, subtract, multiply, divide both sides — and the answer comes out as a range too:

4x<20    x<5.4x < 20 \;\Rightarrow\; x < 5.

The answer IS "x<5x < 5" — every number below 5. Writing "x=5x = 5" answers a different question; the inequality symbol must survive to the final line.

The one new rule: multiplying or dividing by a NEGATIVE flips the symbol. Watch why: 3<53 < 5 is true, but multiply both sides by 1-1 and 3>5-3 > -5 — the order reversed, because negating reflects the number line. So for 72x>17 - 2x > 1: subtract 7 to get 2x>6-2x > -6, then dividing by 2-2 flips: x<3x < 3. (Dodge available: add 2x2x to both sides instead — 7>1+2x7 > 1 + 2x — and no flip is ever needed.) Adding and subtracting NEVER flip.

Translate the words precisely. "At least 6" means 6\ge 6; "at most" means \le; "more than" is strict >>. One symbol is one mark.

Double inequalities are two constraints handled at once. 3<2x+193 < 2x + 1 \le 9 has THREE parts — whatever you do, do to all three:

2<2x8    1<x4.2 < 2x \le 8 \;\Rightarrow\; 1 < x \le 4.

Integer lists read the symbols carefully. The integers with 1<n41 < n \le 4 are 2,3,42, 3, 4: the strict << EXCLUDES 1, the inclusive \le KEEPS 4. For 2<n3-2 < n \le 3: 1,0,1,2,3-1, 0, 1, 2, 3. Check both ends against their own symbol — that's where the marks leak.

Inequalities model budgets and limits. "Van hire costs £40 plus £22 per day; Amy can spend at most £150": 40+22d15040 + 22d \le 150, so 22d11022d \le 110 and d5d \le 5 — at most 5 days. The formed inequality is marked exactly like a formed equation.