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Algebra · Graphs of functions

Chapter 1 · 4

The idea

Cubic, reciprocal and exponential graphs

The shape vocabulary of the Higher course — S-curve cubics, two-branch reciprocals with asymptotes, ever-positive exponentials — and why each equation forces its shape.

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Algebra · Graphs of functions

Cubic, reciprocal and exponential graphs

The shape vocabulary of the Higher course — S-curve cubics, two-branch reciprocals with asymptotes, ever-positive exponentials — and why each equation forces its shape.

Why it works

Shape follows formula

Exams show a curve and ask "which equation?" — or name an equation and expect its shape on sight. Each family's shape follows from how its formula treats xx.

The cubic: an S, never a U

Cubing keeps the sign — negative in, negative out — so the curve comes from far BELOW on the left, flattens through (0,0)(0, 0), and climbs away to the right. No mirror symmetry (that's the giveaway against a parabola: a parabola U-turns; a cubic never does). With a negative coefficient, y=−x3y = -x^3, the S runs the other way. A factorised cubic like y=x3−4x=x(x−2)(x+2)y = x^3 - 4x = x(x-2)(x+2) crosses the xx-axis at every root: −2,0,2-2, 0, 2.

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