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Number · Rounding & bounds

Chapter 1 · 3

The idea

Estimation

Why estimating means rounding everything to 1 significant figure BEFORE calculating, how to divide by decimals cleanly, and how to reason about whether an estimate is an over- or underestimate.

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Number · Rounding & bounds

Estimation

Why estimating means rounding everything to 1 significant figure BEFORE calculating, how to divide by decimals cleanly, and how to reason about whether an estimate is an over- or underestimate.

Why it works

Round FIRST, then calculate

An estimate trades precision for speed: round every number to 1 significant figure first, then calculate with the easy numbers. The rounding happens before the arithmetic — that's the whole point, and the whole mark scheme. Calculating exactly and then rounding is a different activity (and on a non-calculator paper, a slow way to lose the method marks).

48.6×21.29.7≈50×2010=100\frac{48.6 \times 21.2}{9.7} \approx \frac{50 \times 20}{10} = 100

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