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Ratio, proportion & rates of change · Direct & inverse proportion

Chapter 1 · 3

The idea

Inverse proportion

Why "inversely proportional" means the product stays fixed, how worker-time problems really work, and how to tell inverse proportion apart from direct.

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Ratio, proportion & rates of change · Direct & inverse proportion

Inverse proportion

Why "inversely proportional" means the product stays fixed, how worker-time problems really work, and how to tell inverse proportion apart from direct.

Why it works

The product never changes

Two quantities are inversely proportional when one goes up by the same factor the other goes down by: double one and the other halves, triple one and the other drops to a third. In symbols, y∝1xy \propto \frac{1}{x} means

y=kx,equivalentlyxy=k.y = \frac{k}{x}, \qquad \text{equivalently} \qquad xy = k.

The second form is the useful secret: in inverse proportion the product of the two quantities never changes. That fixed product kk is the "total amount of stuff" in the problem — and once you have it, every other pair of values is one division away.

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